Porpoises

海豚

新概念英语第4册第18课

新概念英语-课文

There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be, it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of life - saving. On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, as in riding the bow waves of a ship. In 1928 some porpoises were photographed working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress. If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks, it may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. Porpoises and sharks are natural enemies. It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed.

Whether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. They are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. One young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout and then shoving him across the tank like an aquaplane. Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300 - pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life. This is not easy, and may require two porpoises working together. In another game, as the turtles swim across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops down from above and butts his shell with his belly. This knocks the turtle down several feet where another porpoise is waiting to give it another butt. The turtles seem to enjoy it, but perhaps they would not if they could feel the scratches on their shells from the porpoises' teeth. After such a burst of activity they usually take a short rest before they start off again.

A porpoise will follow a ship for hours at a time, leaping out of the water and doing somersaults. There is no evidence that porpoises have a language but they communicate with one another by squeaks, clicks and whistles. It has been suggested that they may be able to communicate with humans through these sounds, but this has not been proven. One theory is that they use these sounds to navigate, by detecting the echoes of their own voices. Another theory is that they use them to communicate their emotions, such as excitement or fear. Still another theory is that they use them to identify one another, as each porpoise has a unique set of squeaks, clicks and whistles.

新概念英语-单词和短语

  • porpoise n.海豚
  • superstition n.迷信
  • mariner n.海员
  • shark n.鲨鱼
  • defensive adj.防御的
  • formation n.队形
  • biologist n.生物学家
  • motive n.动机
  • unconscious adj.失去知觉的
  • curiosity n.好奇
  • sport n.游戏
  • bow n.船首
  • waterlogged adj.浸透水的
  • mattress n.床垫
  • scent n.气味
  • enemy n.敌人
  • ensue v.接着发生
  • beast n.兽
  • intrigue v.使感兴趣
  • turtle n.海龟
  • submit v.忍受
  • indignity n.侮辱
  • calf n.幼兽
  • snout n.鼻子
  • shove v.推
  • aquaplane n.滑水板
  • oceanarium n.水族馆
  • swoop v.猛扑
  • butt v.撞击
  • belly n.肚皮
  • scratch n.划痕
  • burst n.一阵
  • squeak n.吱吱声
  • click n.咔嗒声
  • whistle n.哨声
  • navigate v.导航
  • echo n.回声
  • emotion n.情绪
  • identify v.识别

新概念英语-翻译

长期以来,海员中有一种迷信说法,认为海豚会把快要淹死的人托出水面使之获救,或者在人们周围形成防御队形来保护他们免受鲨鱼伤害。海洋摄影室的生物学家指出,不管海豚有多聪明,认为它们有救人的动机可能是错误的。当它们把失去知觉的人推到岸边时,很可能是出于好奇或游戏,就像它们追逐船首的浪花一样。1928年,有人拍摄到一些海豚像海狸一样把一只浸透水的床垫推上岸。如果如报道所说,它们保护人类免受鲨鱼伤害,可能是因为好奇吸引了它们,而可能有食物的气味吸引了鲨鱼。海豚和鲨鱼是天敌。在这种情况下,可能会发生一场战斗,鲨鱼被赶走或被杀死。

不管是鸟、鱼还是兽,海豚对任何活物都感兴趣。它们总是追逐海龟,而海龟则温顺地忍受着各种侮辱。有一只小海豚特别喜欢用鼻子把海龟顶出水面,然后像滑水板一样把海龟推过水池。几乎每天都可以看到一只小海豚试图把一只300磅重的海龟翻过来,它把鼻子伸到龟壳边缘下面,拼命往上顶。这可不容易,可能需要两只海豚一起合作。在另一个游戏中,当海龟游过水族馆时,第一只海豚从上方猛扑下来,用肚皮撞击龟壳。这会使海龟下沉几英尺,这时另一只海豚在那里等着再给它一击。海龟似乎很享受这个过程,但如果它们能感觉到海豚牙齿在龟壳上留下的划痕,也许就不会这么想了。这样一阵活动之后,它们通常会休息一会儿,然后再重新开始。

海豚会一次跟着船几个小时,跃出水面并做翻滚动作。没有证据表明海豚有语言,但它们通过吱吱声、咔嗒声和哨声相互交流。有人提出它们也许能够通过这些声音与人类交流,但这还没有得到证实。一种理论认为,它们利用这些声音导航,通过探测自己声音的回声。另一种理论认为,它们用这些声音来传达自己的情绪,如兴奋或恐惧。还有一种理论认为,它们用这些声音来识别彼此,因为每只海豚都有一套独特的吱吱声、咔嗒声和哨声。

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