Bird flight

鸟的飞行方法

新概念英语第4册第23课

新概念英语-课文

No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; the varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen. Any ship that crosses the Pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, Which may keep company with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wing. The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in the line of its course, are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress. The albatross is the king of the gliders, the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition. In the contrary school, the duck is supreme. It comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts. Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with such-like muscles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird, and these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows. Their humbler followers, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire. You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey. The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure. It tires not, nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air, travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home, feeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse. Such birds do us good, though we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that; and even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good - morning.

When Bleriot crossed the Channel at last, it was in a monoplane, an appellation which is now indifferently applied to both the single and double - winged machines, because such machines have by now been so far developed that the initial distinction has no longer any real importance. There is no special branch of standard English for piloting airplanes; still the lingo is so different from that of everyday life that the characters in a play or film have to be made to use some easily recognizable jargon if they are to represent pilots on the stage or screen. So the monoplane became "the thing" with the flying men, a clumsy - looking contrivance of wood and wire and cloth, with something not unlike a box - kite tied in front of it; and so it remained for many years. The word 'aeroplane' was usurped by the newcomers in exactly the same way as the word 'automobile' was usurped by the manufacturers of motor - cars. In England at least, a motor - car was originally a carriage without horses, and the name stuck, even when the horses had been replaced by an engine. The aeroplane, too, at first was an 'air - plane', a structure built to plane in the air, not just to fly as a bird does, or as an insect does, but to glide on a plane, which means, in practice, to float on an air - current, exactly as a sled glides on a snow - current. But the newcomers called their machines 'aeroplanes', and the name has stuck, just as the name 'automobile' has stuck in America. In France, of course, the word 'avion' has always been used, and in Germany the word 'Flugzeug'.

新概念英语-单词和短语

  • albatross n.信天翁
  • sustenance n.食物;生计;支持
  • glider n.滑翔机;滑翔鸟
  • harness v.利用;驾驭;马具
  • duck n.鸭子
  • pigeon n.鸽子
  • endow v.赋予;捐赠
  • propulsion n.推进;推进力
  • partridge n.鹧鸪
  • swallow n.燕子
  • omen n.预兆;征兆
  • superstitious adj.迷信的
  • magpie n.喜鹊
  • Bleriot n.布莱里奥
  • monoplane n.单翼飞机
  • appellation n.名称;称呼
  • indifferently adv.冷淡地;漠不关心地;平庸地
  • double - winged 双翼的
  • lingo n.行话;外语
  • jargon n.行话;术语
  • clumsy - looking 看上去笨拙的
  • contrivance n.发明;装置;人为的事情
  • box - kite 箱形风筝
  • usurp v.篡夺;侵占
  • automobile n.汽车
  • aeroplane n.飞机
  • avion n.飞机(法语)
  • Flugzeug n.飞机(德语)

新概念英语-翻译

没有任何两种鸟的飞行方式是相同的。鸟的飞行方式千差万别,但大体上可分为两类。任何一艘横越太平洋的轮船都会有小信天翁伴随飞行许多天。它们随船飞行一小时也难得见其扇动一下翅膀,或者只是偶尔扇动一下。沿船体上升的气流和沿航线向前的气流给这种巨翼大鸟以足够的浮力和推力。信天翁是滑翔鸟类之王,这类鸟能自如地驾驭空气,但必须顺气流飞行。与滑翔鸟相对的另一类鸟中,野鸭是佼佼者。它更近乎于人类自夸的“征服”了空气的发动机。野鸭及与它们相似的鸽子有相似的肌肉,这些肌肉占了鸟体重量的很大一部分。这些肌肉以很大的力量扇动短小的翅膀,使这类鸟能顶着大风飞行很远的距离才会疲劳。次于野鸭和鸽子的鸟,如鹧鸪,有相似的强劲的推动力,但很快会疲劳。如果海风驱使它们飞行很长距离,你可捡到精疲力竭的鹧鸪。燕子充分兼有这两类鸟的长处,它既不疲劳,也不炫耀自己的飞翔力;它在天空中十分自如,可以飞行6,000英里,可以飞往北方做窝的老家,再从老家飞回;一边飞一边喂养会飞的雏燕;甚至在顶风时也能在气流中滑翔,似乎气流在帮它前进。这些鸟对我们有益;虽然我们不再从它们的飞翔姿态来占卜吉凶,连最迷信的村民也不再对喜鹊脱帽行礼,祝它早安了。

布莱里奥最后横渡英吉利海峡的时候,他驾驶的是一架单翼飞机。现在这个名称被不加区别地用来指单翼机和双翼机,因为这两种飞机发展到今天,最初的区别已经没有什么实际意义了。英语中并没有驾驶飞机的专门术语。但是,航空专业术语与日常生活用语是如此不同,以至于戏剧或电影中的角色如果要在舞台或银幕上扮演飞行员,就必须说一些容易被人理解的行话。于是单翼机就成了飞行员们的“时髦”货,一种由木头、金属丝和布料制成的看上去很笨拙的装置,前面系着一个有点像箱形风筝的东西,多年来它一直是这个样子。“aeroplane”这个词被新来者篡用,就像“automobile”这个词被汽车制造商篡用一样。至少在英国,“motor - car”原意为“不用马拉的马车”,这个名称就一直沿用下来,即使后来马车被发动机取代了。“aeroplane”最初也是指“air - plane”,一种为在空中滑翔而制造的结构,不只是像鸟或昆虫那样飞行,而是在一个平面上滑翔,实际上也就是在一股气流上漂浮,就像雪橇在雪流上滑行一样。但是新来者把他们的飞机叫做“aeroplanes”,这个名称就一直沿用下来,就像“automobile”这个词在美国一直沿用下来一样。当然,在法国一直使用“avion”这个词,在德国一直使用“Flugzeug”这个词。

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